分类： 光学 >> 量子光学 提交时间： 2023-02-19
摘要： The wave propagation in random medium plays a critical role in optics and quantum physics. Multiple scattering of coherent wave in a random medium determines the transport procedure. Brownian motions of the scatterers perturb each propagation trajectory and form dynamic speckle patterns in the backscattered direction. In this study, we applied the random matrix theory (RMT) to investigate the eigenvalue density of the backscattered intensity matrix. We find that the dynamic speckle patterns can be utilized to decouple the singly and multiply backscattered components. The Wishart random matrix of multiple scattering component is well described by the Marcenko-Pastur law, while the single scattering part has low-rank characteristic. We therefore propose a strategy for estimating the first and the second order moments of single and multiple scattering components, respectively, based on the Marcenko-Pastur law and trace analysis. Electric field Monte Carlo simulation and in-vivo experiments demonstrate its potential applications in hidden absorbing object detection and in-vivo blood flow imaging. Our method can be applied to other coherent domain elastic scattering phenomenon for wide-filed propagation of microwave, ultrasound and etc.
分类： 光学 >> 量子光学 提交时间： 2023-02-19
Sha Zhu
Yiwen Zhang
Yi Ren
Yongji Wang
Kunpeng Zhai
Hanke Feng
Ya Jin
Zezhou Lin
Jiaxue Feng
Siyuan Li
Qi Yang
Ning Hua Zhu
Edwin Yue-Bun Pun
Cheng Wang
摘要： Thin-film lithium niobate on insulator (LNOI) is a promising platform for optical communications, microwave photonics, and quantum technologies. While many high-performance devices like electro-optic modulators and frequency comb sources have been achieved on LNOI platform, it remains challenging to realize photodetectors (PDs) on LNOI platform using simple and low-cost fabrication techniques. Two-dimensional (2D) materials are excellent candidates to achieve photodetection since they feature strong light-matter interaction, excellent mechanical flexibility, and potential large-scale complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor-compatible fabrication. In this work, we propose to address this demand using an LNOI-2D material platform and demonstrate two types of high-performance LNOI waveguide-integrated 2D material PDs, namely graphene and Tellurium (Te). Specifically, the LNOI-graphene PD features broadband operations at telecom and visible wavelengths, high normalized photocurrent-to-dark current ratios up to 3*106 W-1, and large 3-dB photoelectric bandwidths of over 40 GHz, simultaneously. The LNOI-Te PD on the other hand provides an ultrahigh responsivity of 7 A/W under 0.5 V bias for telecom optical signals while supporting GHz frequency responses. Our results show that the versatile properties of 2D materials and their excellent compatibility with LNOI waveguides could provide important low-cost solutions for system operating point monitoring and high-speed photoelectric conversion in future LN photonic integrated circuits.
分类： 光学 >> 量子光学 提交时间： 2023-02-19
Yiwen Zhang
Linbo Shao
Jingwei Yang
Zhaoxi Chen
Ke Zhang
Kam-Man Shum
Di Zhu
Chi Hou Chan
Marko Lončar
Cheng Wang
摘要： Millimeter-wave (mmWave) band (30 - 300 GHz) is an emerging spectrum range for wireless communication, short-range radar and sensor applications. mmWave-optic modulators that could efficiently convert mmWave signals into optical domain are crucial components for long-haul transmission of mmWave signals through optical networks. At these ultrahigh frequencies, however, the modulation performances are highly sensitive to the transmission line loss as well as the velocity- and impedance-matching conditions, while precise measurements and modeling of these parameters are often non-trivial. Here we present a systematic investigation of the mmWave-optic modulation performances of thin-film lithium niobate modulators through theoretical modeling, electrical verifications and electro-optic measurements at frequencies up to 325 GHz. Based on our experimentally verified model, we demonstrate thin-film lithium niobate mmWave-optic modulators with a measured 3-dB electro-optic bandwidth of 170 GHz and a 6-dB bandwidth of 295 GHz. The device also shows a low RF half-wave voltage of 7.3 V measured at an ultrahigh modulation frequency of 250 GHz. This work provides a comprehensive guideline for the design and characterization of mmWave-optic modulators and paves the way toward future integrated mmWave photonic systems for beyond-5G communication and radar applications.
分类： 光学 >> 量子光学 提交时间： 2023-02-19
摘要： Waveguide crossings are elementary passive components for signal routing in photonic integrated circuits. Here, we design and characterize two multimode interferometer (MMI)-based waveguide crossings to serve the various routing directions in the anisotropic x-cut thin-film lithium niobate (TFLN) platform. To address the large measurement uncertainties in traditional cut-back characterization methods, we propose and demonstrate a resonator-assisted approach that dramatically reduces the uncertainty of insertion loss measurement(< 0.021 dB) and the lower bound of crosstalk measurement (-60 dB) using only two devices. Based on this approach, we demonstrate and verify TFLN waveguide crossings with insertion losses of < 0.070 dB and crosstalk of < -50 dB along all three routing directions at 1550 nm. The low-loss and low-crosstalk waveguide crossings in this work, together with the simple and efficient characterization strategy, could provide important layout design flexibility for future large-scale classical and quantum TFLN photonic circuits.
分类： 光学 >> 量子光学 提交时间： 2023-02-19
摘要： Integrated electro-optic (EO) frequency combs are essential components for future applications in optical communications, light detection and ranging, optical computation, sensing and spectroscopy. To date, broadband on-chip EO combs are typically generated in high-quality-factor micro-resonators, while the more straightforward and flexible non-resonant method, usually using single or cascaded EO phase modulators, often requires high driving power to realize a reasonably strong modulation index. Here, we show that the phase modulation efficiency of an integrated lithium niobate modulator could be dramatically enhanced by passing optical signals through the modulation electrodes for a total of 4 round trips, via multiple low-loss TE0/TE1 mode multiplexers and waveguide crossings, reducing electrical power consumption by more than one order of magnitude. Using devices fabricated from a wafer-scale stepper lithography process, we demonstrate a broadband optical frequency comb featuring 47 comb lines at a 25-GHz repetition rate, using a moderate RF driving power of 28 dBm (0.63 W). Leveraging the excellent tunability in repetition rate and operation wavelength, our power-efficient EO comb generator could serve as a compact low-cost solution for future high-speed data transmission, sensing and spectroscopy, as well as classical and quantum optical computation systems.
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